1. China’s Stainless Steel Market and Baosteel’s Developing Stainless Steel Sector
Xu Lejiang(Baosteel Group Corporation, Shanghai 200122, China)
Abstract:

Variation features of supply and demand in the world stainless steel market, basic trend of the supply and demand area shifting and “China factors” that lead to the center shifting are described. The competition situation, opportunities and challenges that China’s stainless steel industry faces are analyzed. The main direction for further development of Baosteel’s stainless steel sector is expatiated. That is to strive to improve its stainless steel technical innovation ability; to optimize and integrate its internal and external stainless steel resources through comprehensive planning; to exploit its multi-level stainless steel markets taking China as its main goal with an eye upon the world; to expand its cooperation with others and set up a supply chain with sustainable competitiveness, and to maintain a sound environment for stainless steel sector’s continuous and healthy development.

Keywords:China; stainless steel; market; Baosteel

2.LT-Dust and BOF Slag as Hot Metal Dephosphorization Fluxes at Baosteel
Xu Bing, Wang Zhaoda, Ding Jianyong(Comprehesive Exploitation Co., Baosteel Development Corporation, Shanghai 201900,China)
Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of protecting environment and achieving sustainable development for steel industry, Baosteel’s secondary resources must be utilized in production. Hot metal dephosphorizing factors are analyzed and practice on dephosphorizing powder for hot metal pretreatment with LT-dust and BOF slag is introduced. Experiment results show that LT-dust and BOF slag can substitute for traditional raw materials, such as sinter, lime and so on in hot metal dephosphorization. Proper addition of LT-dust or BOF slag and reasonable controlling over basic power, oxidant and flux can achieve the same effect as traditional dephosphorizing agents. BaO can reduce activity of P2O5 and form stable dephosphorizing products. BaO, a kind of harmless dephosphorizing agent, will be the development direction of hot metal dephosphorization.

Keywords:secondary resources; LT-dust; BOF slag; dephosphorizing agent; BaO dephosphorizing agent
3. Research on Improving Electrical Precipitator’s Aspiration Rateat the Head of Sintering Machine
Shen Xiaolin(Environment & Resources Div., Baosteel Research Institute, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract: Changes in sintering technology result in variation in working conditions for an electrical precipitator at the head of sintering machine. It is of particular importance for a large iron and steel enterprise to control its waste emission. Breakthroughs in improving the aspiration rate of the electrical precipitator at the head of sintering machine in Baosteel have been summarized, and through an analysis of the trend of technical development and a comparison of several commonly used methods, an economical, simple, quick and highly efficient technical path has been chosen. It aims to further develop and adopt the advanced technologies of rotating electric field and skew gas flow while refraining from lagging behind the schedule with economic and highly efficient operation. Subsequently, research work has been carried out, resulting in the birth of several new technologies and revamping plan, which have been applied to the revamping project and have obtained satisfactory results.

Keywords:sintering; electrical precipitator; efficiency
4. Pilot-Scale Study on Microbial Treatment of Wastewater Containing High Concentration Chromium from Cold Rolling Mills
Yu Yongmei,Zhou Yusheng(Environment & Resources Div., Baosteel Research Institute, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract: A microbial treatment of wastewater containing high concentration chromium from cold rolling mills has been studied on pilot-scale. The pilot-scale equipment and technological process are described in this paper. Two kinds of wastewater with high concentration chromium are chosen as wastewater source. One of them is from the color coating line, and the other from the silicon steel line. The removal effect of Cr6+, T-Cr and COD in wastewater has been studied. The results show that this microbial treatment technology can be used to deal with the above two kinds of chromium-containing wastewater. The average concentration of Cr6+of the effluent is 0.02mg/L and 0.04mg/L respectively, and the average concentration of T-Cr of the effluent is 0.71mg/L and 0.74mg/L. Both of them are lower than the Effluent Standard of Wastewater (Cr6+<0.5mg/L,T-Cr<1.5mg/L). Furthermore, up to 60% of COD can be removed from chromate wastewater containing high concentration COD (>3g/L). The removal rate of COD is lower than 25% for chromate wastewater containing low concentration COD (<3g/L). Adding flocculating agent is one of the effective ways of improving COD removal rate of chromium-containing wastewater.

Keywords:chromium-containing wastewater; cold rolling; hexavalent chrome; microbial treatment

5. Recycling Used MgO-C Bricks at Baosteel
Feng Huijun1,Tian Shouxin2(1.Baosteel Development Corporation;2.Baosteel Research Institute, Shanghai 201900,China)
Abstract: With the advancement of the worldwide environmental protection and recycling economy, China has strengthened its development and utilization of used refractory materials. A bird’s-eye account of refractory material development both at home and broad and a detailed illustration of the situation in Baosteel have been made. Further research and development of MgO-C bricks from the LD ladle has been carried out and utilizations of used refractory materials have been explored. Regenerated quality MgO-C bricks have been successfully developed which prove no difference to the current MgO-C bricks in terms of performance, life span and residual thickness as is shown in the results of the research. In particular, they parallel the performance of the MgO-C bricks commonly used in Baosteel Steelmaking Plant, and can meet the requirements of large ladle under various refining conditions. Satisfactory results of the application in the 300t ladle slag line in Baoteel have been obtained.

Keywords:waste refractory material; used MgO-C bricks; recycling
6. Status of Comprehensive Utilization of Steel Slag at Baosteel
Zhang Geng(Steel-Making Plant, Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 200941, China)
Abstract: A brief account of features of steel slag processing technologies, such as processes of “instantaneous slag chill (ISC) ”, “tank-type hot disintegrating” and “rotary cylinder” and their development courses are given. Classification for steel slag in Baosteel is introduced, which has provided excellent conditions for comprehensive utilization of Baosteel’s slag. Detailed comprehensive utilization of steel slag, for example, taking it as sintering material, returned slag for steelmaking, material for road construction and cement production, mixed material in concrete, new construction material, ground filling material, reinforced material for soft earth ground, etc. is described. The management from the source is emphasized, which can ensure Baosteel’s slag treatment safe, energy-saving and environment friendly.

Keywords:steel slag; comprehensive utilization; instantaneous slag chill (ISC) process; tank-type hot disintegrating method; rotary cylinder process
7.Study on Water Reuse at Stainless Steel Branch
Liu Jincheng(Energy Department, Stainless Steel Branch, Shanghai 200431,China)
Abstract: Fresh water consumption per ton of steel is an important indicator to water consumption level of an iron & steel complex. In order to reduce the consumption, the Energy Department of Baosteel Stainless Steel Branch has started with the research work on recycling waste water from daily life and production. Technical difficulties of intensive treatment of wastewater discharged from the Branch’s sewage stations are analyzed, different deionization methods are compared, and advantages and key points of reverse osmosis technology are put forth. A new water reuse station is planned to be built for mixing infiltrated water with deionized water, which will reduce the cost and meet the demands of production simultaneously. Wastewater treated in depth has reached and even exceeded the standard of industrial water, and can be used in production directly.

Keywords:water reuse; circulatory system; ultra-filtration(UF); reverse osmosis(RO)
8. A Consideration in Realizing Environment-friendlyManufacturing of Special Steel
Gao Jianrong, Wang Zhidao, Xu Yafei(Manufacturing Management Department, Special Steel Branch, Shanghai 200940, China)
Abstract: In the manufacturing process of a special steel enterprise, “green” concept is reflected in six major aspects: efficient production, material recycling, waste utilization, development of “green” products and related services, improvement of energy and material utilization rates and emission control of hazardous substances. Great progress has been made in these fields by Baosteel Special Steel Branch. In developing green products, sulfur-containing and free-cutting steel, an environment-friendly product, has been developed to replace free-cutting and lead-containing steel, and a series of other non-tempered steel products, such as 49MnVS3, 35Mn2SiV, F35MnVN, etc. In controlling emission of hazardous substances, new technologies, including acid treatment, dust control, etc. have been applied. And series of environment-friendly slag has been developed. In improvement of energy and material utilization rates, the following researches can be carried out: constant optimization of material structure for special steel; fundamental research on heating efficiency of natural gas after it replaces coal gas; development of new continuous casting products to reduce consumption on each procedure; replacing forging with rolling, and hot charging process.

Keywords:environment-friendly special steel; process of manufacturing; recycling economy
9. Lime Roasting Technique with Annular Shaft Kiln at Stainless Steel Branch
Ji Rong(Baosteel Engineering & Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract: The application and development of active lime in the Chinese metallurgical industry is briefly introduced with a focus on lime roasting technique and designing features of the lime roasting line in Baosteel Stainless Steel Branch. The lime roasting technique features well-designed process, simple equipment for annular shaft kiln, high efficiency and automation as well as safe, environment-friendly and energy-saving production that yields quality products. The Stainless Steel Branch’s lime roasting line has been optimized in terms of equipment, refractory material and EIC control system. Polyurethane patch has been installed in the charging device at the place where abrasion easily occurs; equipment for automatic dust cleaning and discharging has been added to the heat exchanger; main smoke extractor exhaust fan has been set outdoors; sliding bearing and thin oil lubrication have been adopted; magnesium aluminium spinel bricks and high purity mullite have been used as refractory material; all-purpose Schneider PLC has been chosen and worked for the control system. All these improvements provide help and open a new way for popularization of this technique domestically.

Keywords:active lime; annular shaft kiln; lime roasting technique; design
10. Process Control System(PCS) Based on Software Component Technology for Metallurgical Industry
Lu Liming(Shanghai Baosight Software Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China)
Abstract: Contents of the measuring system analysis(MSA) are discussed on the basis of the requirements of the international quality and measurement management systems. The impact of the analytical conclusion by the measurement system on the decision on products and process acceptance is also described. And finally, an concrete MSA application, together with its examples, is illustrated in this paper.

Key Words: Measuring system analysis (MSA);Control chart; Repeatability & Reproducibility (R&R); Stability; Risk

11. Research on Surface Oxide Film of HSS Cast Rolls in Hot Strip Mill
Sun Dale1, Fan Qun1, Yao Lisong1, Zhou Li2,Liu Changsheng2(1.Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900;2.Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004,China )
Abstract: The appearance and major failure characteristics of the surface oxide film of high speed steel (HSS) cast rolls in hot strip mill are investigated, and effect of the oxide film failure on roughness and abrasion state of the roll surface is analyzed. The oxidation process of HSS is studied based on roll specimen’s continuous dynamic heat oxidation experiment, constant temperature oxidation experiment and moist heat oxidation experiment. Variation rules of the oxide film’s growth mechanism, distribution state and combination form are analyzed with SEM and XRD. Ways of improving work roll's water-cooling effect are also advanced, which has laid a foundation for controlling the oxide film state and ameliorating strip’s cross-section quality.

Keywords: hot rolling; work roll; high speed steel (HSS );oxide film; cooling
12. Study on Behavior Mechanism and Performanceof Large-volume Coke Oven’s Stay
Cao Yinping(Iron-making Plant, Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 200941, China)
Abstract: On the basis of the study on coke oven stay’s mechanism and performance, various effects, including means of adjustment and maintenance, temperature and air-tightness of the oven body, on the stay are analyzed. Improper adjustment or maintenance, for example, unreasonable load set on upper and lower springs, not dealing with abnormal situation in time, temperature difference inside and outside the stay, etc. would break the stay’s original load balance and cause changes in its thermal stress. The following practices, such as loose oven doors, smoke and fire, scorching coke coming off at the door or stay, and the damaged stay, would make the stay act poorly. The stay’s performance will be improved through strengthening the management over the oven’s protective pressure and stay’s camber and raising requirements for coke oven’s operation and maintenance.

Keywords:coke oven; iron parts for furnace protection; stay
13. Production Practice of Improving Gauge Control Precisionof DI Tinplate at Baosteel
Ye Xuewei1, Jiang Zhenglian1, Zhang Qingdong2(1.Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.,Shanghai 200941,China;2. Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083,China)
Abstract:
It has been approached how to improve uniformity of mechanical property of the Al-killed steel produced on continuous annealing lines based on the consistent process. Measures such as adding boron, controlling manganese content, controlling the coiling temperature in U-shape and heating from edges are put forward to improve the uniformity of the steel's mechanical property. All those measures have proved to be effective with mass production in steel industry.

Key Words: Yield strength; Coiling temperature; AlN; Cementite

14. Research on Friction Welding and Post-Welding Heat Treatment of Drill Pipes
Zhu Shizhong(Steel Tubing Plant, Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract:
The failure of drill pipes mainly occurs in weld seams or inner upset transitional sections according to the experience accumulated by oil fields. Friction welding and proper post heat treatment of weld seams are common methods mainly adopted by major domestic and overseas drill pipe producers to improve weld seam’s safety.Baosteel’s quality guaranteeing ability for drill pipes has been evaluated on the basis of development of the two methods, in combination with fundamental requirements for mechanical properties of drill pipes by the API Standards, by contrast with China Oil and Gas Industry Standards, and through statistical analysis of mechanical properties of drill pipes produced by Baosteel. Ways of realizing the two methods have been proposed with focus on the problems that might occur in the process.

Keywords:drill pipe; friction welding; heat treatment

15. Experimental Study on Measures to Improve Anti-Ageing Propertyof T-4CA Tinned Sheet
Liu Shu(Manufacturing Management Department,Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract:
Tinned sheet is cold rolled sheet whose surface is electroplated with a layer of uniform and dense tin. Its properties can be controlled through adjusting its chemical composition(in steel making process),hot rolling temperature, cold rolling draught, annealing and leveling. At the low and high coiling temperatures, Baosteel T-4CA tinned sheets with similar chemical composition are chosen. The tendem cold strip mill has adopted three ways of annealing ageing,i.e. constant temperature ageing, inclined ageing and over ageing, to make experiments on fast cooling(1C) and ageing treatment(OA).Effects of different HR tapping temperatures, coiling temperatures and CR annealing systems on ageing properties of T- 4CA tinned sheets are studied. Chemical composition of low C and N and high Al, HR temperature system for low-temperature tapping and high-temperature coiling, and a better ageing treatment should be adopted.

Keywords:tinned sheet;tapping temperature;coiling temperature;constant temperature ageing;inclined ageing;over ageing; anti fluting

16.Development of Baosteel’s T23 High Pressure Boiler Tube
Wang Qijiang1, Zou Fengming1, Zhao Qunyi1, Zhang Ke2(1. Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China;2. Service Center of Power Equipment ofMachinery Industry Ministry, Beijing 100823,China)
Abstract:
In consideration of lifting equipment manufacturing capacity for large-scale thermal power plants, and meeting pressing demand of sub-critical and supercritical boilers for power stations, Baosteel Branch Steel Tubing Plant began to develop T23 product in April of 2001,and designed a new manufacturing process based on characteristics of its own equipment and understanding of the product. Having undergone stages of development of steel grades, trial rolling of products, assessment of performance and production in batches, Baosteel T23 high pressure boiler tubes prove stable in performance, suitable for large-volume power station boilers with its technical indices and properties conforming to the ASME SA-213 standard. Now the Steel Tubing Plant has formed capacity of mass production and supply.T23 has been greatly welcomed by each large-scale boiler plant at home since it was put into production successfully.

Keywords:T23 high pressure boiler tube; property; standard; power station boiler

17. An Off-line Laser Profile Measurement System for Hot-Rolled Sheet
Chen Ruihong1, Han Xudong1, Tao Wei2(1.Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200941, China;2. Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China)
Abstract:
A measurement system for profile of hot-rolled sheet based on laser triangular principle is introduced in this paper. The measurement of the thickness of a single point of the sheet is realized and the profile is thus calculated accurately. With this method, the measurement accuracy is enhanced and the goal of environmental protection is achieved. Using top-and-bottom surface differential measurement structure with dual-triangular laser, the system greatly reduces disturbances like vibration and so on. The system can work smoothly under severe environmental conditions. A specially designed transducer not only improves the measurement accuracy, but makes some adjustment automatically to different surfaces of the sheet as well. The system has a wide application and is easy to use. Experimental results show that the system’s measurement accuracy has been up to 3μm, which can fully meet the requirement for high accuracy measurement.

Keywords:laser triangular measurement; hot-rolled sheet; profile;off-line

18.Solution to Video Interference in CCTV
He LichengGe Peixing(Equipment Department, Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 200941, China)
Abstract:
Common video interference phenomenon in CCTV is concluded. Ways and causes of producing interference are analyzed. Corresponding measures to solve this problem are introduced on the basis of different situations. These measures are as follows: to install an anti-interference filter in the system so as to suppress the interference from the supply source; to suppress the interference from the system itself by raising the videosignal source output level, matching the impedance, adopting the low noise amplifier and improving the construction quality; to suppress the interference from the earth potential by using single-end grounding and connecting a high-frequency transformer in the videosignal transmission circuit and to develop a video isolated equalization amplifier. All these are very helpful to improve the CCTV project quality and ensure the system's smooth operation.

Keywords:video interference; voltage; video isolated equalization amplifier

19.Research on Improving High Strength Steel’s Yield Strength
Yin Jun1,Wang Guoqing2,Fan Baoming2,Ji Xiao1,Liu Jianrong2,Zhu Min2(1. Shanghai Baosight Software Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; 2. Baosteel Branch, Shanghai 201900, China)
Abstract:
Among high strength sheets, extra low-carbon bakehardening steel sheet (BH ) is a new kind of automobile sheet with sound quality. To guarantee good deep-drawing property of BH steel sheet, it is required that the yield strength (YS) be effectively controlled in production. A method called Four Square Puzzle has been used to identify key factors that affect YS. They include chemical composition, hot rolling and cold rolling parameters, etc. A multi-variable analytical model has been built to study the effect of key input variables (KIV) on YS (KOV) through analysis of a great number of historical data on production with three different methods including regression analysis, neural network and decision tree. The model has been evaluated by taking neural network as an example. Based on this model, it is possible to predict finished BH steel product’s YS if certain KIV values are available. As a result, qualification rate has climbed by 7% and better economic benefits have been reaped.

Keywords:data mining; neural network; regression analysis